<h1 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">AI Regulation – EU and Global Perspectives. Why AI Regulation Matters Now?</h1>By 2025, AI has evolved from a mere technology to critical social infrastructure. Its use in high-risk sectors like law, healthcare, education, and finance has raised pressing questions about responsibility.Societal side effects: deepfakes, misinformation, copyright infringement are already real. As AI becomes central to global competitiveness, nations must balance industrial growth with public safety.AI regulation is no longer optional, it is essential for national competitiveness and social trust.<h3 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">EU: Full Implementation of the AI Act</h3><img src="https://letspl.s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/images_temp/1/preview-1755481349044.png" draggable="true" style="max-width: 100%;"> The EU is the first to implement a comprehensive AI regulatory framework: the AI Act, effective August 2, 2025. It applies even to general-purpose AI models (GPAI).Risk-based approach:<ul style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">- Forbidden: </li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">AI that may violate human rights, such as social scoring or mass surveillance.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">- High-risk: </li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">AI in healthcare, finance, education, and other sensitive sectors.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">- Low-risk: </li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Chatbots, game characters, and similar applications.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">- Transparency obligations: </li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Companies must disclose AI-generated outputs and verify datasets and algorithms. - Penalties: </li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Violations can incur fines of up to 6% of annual revenue.</li></ul>The EU aims to make AI regulation a global standard, following the GDPR precedent.<h3 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">South Korea: Cautious but Proactive</h3>South Korea takes a balanced approach, drawing from the EU AI Act while promoting industry growth. The Basic AI Act was enacted in 2024 and came into effect in March 2025.Key measures:<ul style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">- Pre-certification for high-risk AI systems.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">- Mandatory disclosure of AI training data sources.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">- Deepfake and manipulated content must carry an AI-generated label.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">- A regulatory sandbox minimizes corporate burden, reflecting a hybrid strategy: </li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">“Regulate without stifling startup growth.”</li></ul><h3 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">United States: Private Sector-Led, State-by-State</h3>The U.S. currently lacks a federal AI law, relying on state-level regulations and private guidelines.<ul style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"></li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">NIST AI Risk Management Framework: Provides standards for AI reliability and fairness.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">State laws: California, New York, and others are advancing disclosure and copyright protections.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Federal executive orders: Require AI developers to submit safety validation data.</li></ul>The U.S. prioritizes innovation speed, applying stronger regulation only in sensitive areas like elections and national defense.<h3 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">China: Strict Control and National Strategy</h3>China views AI as a cornerstone of national competitiveness, enforcing tight government control.<ul style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"></li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">All AI services require government review and approval.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Content violating “socialist values” is immediately blocked.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">AI research receives massive government funding but operates under strict oversight.</li></ul>China’s strategy combines industrial growth with political control.<img src="https://letspl.s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com/images_temp/1/d88fc01a-29a2-429b-beac-94da9d460a87-1755481439196.png" draggable="true" style="max-width: 100%; width: 933px;"><h3 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">Global Comparison</h3><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 125px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(249, 249, 249);"><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Feature</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">EU</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">South Korea</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">USA</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">China</th></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(249, 249, 249);"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Regulatory Approach</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Risk-based, strong legislation</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Balanced, basic law</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Private-led, state-level</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">State-driven, strict control</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(249, 249, 249);"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Key Features</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">AI Act, transparency, penalties</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">High-risk certification, labeling</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Innovation-first, safety guidelines</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Approval system, political oversight</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(249, 249, 249);"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Industry Impact</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">High corporate burden, global standardization</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Startup-friendly, sandbox</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Maintains innovation pace, uneven regulation</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px;">Protects domestic industry, limits foreign expansion</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">Looking Ahead</h3><ul style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Standards competition: </li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">The EU AI Act may become a global regulatory benchmark, like GDPR.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"></li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Corporate strategy: </li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Multinational companies must adopt multi-compliance strategies to meet varying national rules.</li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"></li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Ethics and trust: </li><li style="list-style: inside none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Beyond legal compliance, ensuring reliability and transparency across AI services will be a key competitive advantage.</li></ul>AI regulation is no longer a theoretical debate. it is shaping the future of industry, governance, and global trust.

The Current of AI Regulation

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